Abraham As A Heir Of The World Essay - 1256 Words

Hsieh, Nelson D. Abraham as heir of the world : does Romans 4:13 expand the Old Testament Abrahamic land promises?. The Master s Seminary Journal 26, no. 1 (2015): 95-110. Retrieved from http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/ Hsieh’s argues against the belief that the Old Testament is extended into New Testament times. Using Romans 4:13 this extension of the Old Testament is debunked through explanation of Abraham’s faith in God bringing a multitude of descendants who will come from all nations. Further, â€Å"expansion of the land† and â€Å"inheritance of many nations† will provide the necessary knowledge and a new time that begins with Jesus Christ. The strength in Hesih’s article comes from a clarity in using outlines and chronological reading. The key to this article is presenting Abraham’s offspring as the heir of the world that did not come through the law but through the righteous of faith. This part of the article will provide proof out the first outline item in the paper. Hsieh’s points out that Paul uses â€Å"inheritance language† fifteen other times outside of Roman 4:13. This inheritance has to do with eternal life, the kingdom of God, Abrahamic covenant and righteousness. Inheritance of land is often confused when reading Romans. Hsieh argues well that Abraham is not inheriting land, but inheriting people that are spiritual descendants. Hsieh further argues if Romans 4:13 had to do with land promises then the text would have deep issues of meaning. ThisShow MoreRelatedIslam : A Non Offensive Terminology969 Words   |  4 Pagesspecifically the disenfranchised. Disenfranchised is one of those words that will become more important and politically correct in the future. Islam pronounced that there is only one God, which was the first monotheistic proclamation in the Arab world. Multiple gods were sort of the thing of the day at that time, it was a booming and profitable enterprise. In this time period, many people traveled to Mecca and paid to worship at the shrine of their favorite god. In general favorite god wouldRead MoreRomans 8:1-17 as a Summary of Pauls Thoughts1146 Words   |  5 PagesSpirit of life in Christ Jesus has set me free from the law of sin and death (Rom 8:1-2). Paul believes if you are in Christ Jesus, then you will be saved. Because of Jesus selflessness, he has freed us from sin and death. God had created the world through wisdom and with Adam we then were under the reign of sin. Then, with the resurrection of Jesus, He freed us from the law and we entered into a period of grace with God. 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Alexander and Baker holdRead MoreThe Supernatural Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth983 Words   |  4 Pages Abraham Maslow once said, â€Å"We need not take refuge in supernatural gods to explain our saints and sages and heroes and statesmen, as if to explain our disbelief that mere unaided human beings could be that good or wise.† In an odd way, this applies to William Shakespeare’s tragedies. Shakespeare seemed to frequently fall back on the use of supernatural elements in order to pull his plays together. He would turn to them for aid in his story telling and use them to further explain the scenes thatRead MoreFaith Vs. Fanaticism1774 Words   |  8 PagesFormal Paper #1: Faith vs. Fanaticism The story of Genesis 22 is a famous example of a test of faith. In this story, Abraham is instructed by God to offer his son Isaac an offering. In the end of the story, an angel stops Abraham and he is rewarded with many descendants for his display of faith. Many people today have taken this story too literally. There have been several reports of parents harming their children in the name of God. These modern-day acts of attempted homicide are not acts of faithRead MoreThe Gospel Of The Kingdom1113 Words   |  5 Pages Jesus told His disciples in Matthew 24:14 KJV that the end would not come until the gospel of the kingdom shall be preached into all the world for a witness unto all nations and then shall the end come. Today, about 95% of the world has heard the gospel message of Jesus Christ and the coming Kingdom of God, largely due to the technology of radio, satellite, internet, and good old-fashioned footwork. The gospel message has been distributed in hundreds of different languages. God’s kingdom willRead More You Promised Us Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Hebrew Bible have been performed by Jesus and that He was sent by God. First of all, God told Abram in Genesis 12:3 that the world would be blessed through him. A Messianic prophecy was that the Messiah would be a descendent of Abraham, from the tribe of Judah, and also from King David. The genealogy of Jesus in Matthew 1:2-6 reveals that He descended from Abraham, Judah, and King David. Thus, the author of Matthew is asser ting that according to Jesus’ forefathers, He qualifies as being the

Environmental Responsibility For The Restaurant Industry

Environmental responsibility is the duty that a company has to operate in a way that protects the environment. â€Å"The roadmap to environmental responsibility for the restaurant industry follows a path of incremental steps. It is an ongoing process that continually challenges businesses to generate greater efficiencies, reduce waste and expand their capacity to use renewable resources as new technologies and practices become available. In essence, environmental is a tool-a way of approaching business decisions that helps businesses achieve their existing strategic goals more efficiently, quickly and cost effectively (Recycle More, 2014).† You have an official responsibility for the effect your business has on the environment. All†¦show more content†¦using vegetable heads and stem to make soup stock) †¢ Further recycling=not as much trash=reduced trash removal bills †¢ Contribute eatable excess food to local neighborhood food banks †¢ Think about getting a trash compacter to decrease dumpster trips/container pulls †¢ Consider a Baler to bale cardboard and additional recyclables—this disconnects these pieces from your waste issues †¢ Work with an organics vendor to set-up a food waste removal program: Better handling of food waste is one of the most important opportunities we have to decrease our environmental footprint and address hunger in America, said Scott DeFife, the NRA s (National Restaurant Association) executive vice president of policy and government affairs. Food waste has a dramatic impact on the environment, so our goals are two-fold: we want to increase the amount of food sent to donation and also decrease the food waste that is sent to landfill (Recycle More, 2014).† Waste Reduction by Area Bar Beverage †¢ Be familiar with your customers—buy items based on what your customers order †¢ Recycle bottles cans—if you have little room to store your recycling, serve fountain or draft drinks. †¢ Use paper plates and plastic silverware. Use plastic cups and plates to prevent constant buying of paper merchandise. Appliances Equipment †¢ Uphold kitchen appliances—it costs money to uphold, but it costs more money to close down a kitchen when an appliance fails †¢

My Passion Lies With Dance Essay Example For Students

My Passion Lies With Dance Essay My Passion Lies with DanceDancing has been a huge learning experience for me and the influence it has had on my life, I will never forget. Ive learned teamwork as well as leadership, and for countless numbers of hours for 6 years I have spent my days devoting myself to practicing, perfecting and an open-mind. To me, dance is more than just a beautiful art form. Dance is a way to communicate with people and it should be respected and honored. I feel it is beautiful, exciting and inspiring. I can never get bored with it because there is always room to improve. There can always be more beats, higher jumps and better placement, among other things. I am showing the world me, and who I am when I dance. Dancing is power, a prayer, it gives a sense of life. As a member of a competitive dance team, I understand the importance of teamwork and leadership. I have come to realize that a team uses cooperative effort to achieve a common goal. This often requires personal sacrifice. When dancing with other people, one must respect the value of teamwork, not only amongst fellow dancers, but with coaches and teachers as well. Each and every practice we worked collaboratively, dedicated and devoted to our ambition. Our teacher would help us develop our abilities with elite leadership. Likewise, leadership is necessary to ensure that a teams accomplishments are not misguided, inadequate, or fruitless. I believe a dancer is someone who is generally admired. They are looked upon as people who strive for perfection. Anyone devoted to an athletic ambition works incredibly hard to maintain their bodies so that they can perform to the best of their abilities. Friends and family look up to me because I have worked so hard to be a better dancer. The balanc e between teamwork and leadership is crucial to attaining proud success. I have to take care of my body to be a dancer and through this, I have learned to be more disciplined. It has prepared me to stay in shape, by eating properly and practicing all the time, even outside of class. Also, I have not and will not lay a finger on a cigarette. My past teachers have never been cruel, but only very stern, direct people. They have always wanted the best that I could possibly give and that has made me realize how important criticism is. Remembering that your best is as good as you can do is very important. While performing on stage, its all adrenaline. Everything is really intense however, I strive for excellence. To stand out on stage at the end of the performance, and to know you thrilled the audience is an incredible feeling. My dance teacher once gave us a heartwarming speech before walking us onstage. Ill never forget at the end she said, Each time you perform, dance not only with your arms, your legs and your feet but also with every inch of your heart and soul. This quote motivated us to do our best and that day we won Top Overall. Personally, I have worked very hard to become the best dancer possible. In the process, I have earned the respect of my family, friends, and fellow dancers. It is my belief that people generally admire dancers as models of perfection. Therefore, each dancer owes it to him or her self to put in many hours of work to obtain the ultimate dancers physique. Dance has made me a better person. I enhance my strength, courage and confidence. Dance did not allo w me to find myself. Dancing found me. Social Issues

Organic and inorganic fertilisers Essay Example

Organic and inorganic fertilisers Paper Fertilisers provide nutrients needed by a crop to grow by adding mineral salts to the soil. (1) (6) Organic fertilisers include manure, compost and sewage sludge. Inorganic fertilisers however, are liquids or pellets containing mineral ions and they are made either from naturally occurring rocks or by industrial processes. The main soil nutrients found in these fertilisers are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are present in concentrated form. Both types of fertiliser are added to increase crop yield but there are differences in their uses as will be shown later. (7) (6) However, all fertilisers must be used with caution as the misuse or overuse of them can lead to serious problems. Eutrophication is the main environmental hazard associated with fertilisers. (1) The three main soil nutrients named above are called macro-nutrients as they are required in large amounts and they all help produce a higher yield. Nitrogen is important for leaf growth and so this would directly affect photosynthesis and plant growth. Phosphorus is important for cell division and so is essential for parts of the plant that grow quickly and potassium is crucial in both respiration and photosynthesis. Other nutrients named trace or micro-nutrients are required in small amounts and these include magnesium, iron, and sulphur. Under natural circumstances these nutrients are returned to the soil when plants die and micro organisms break down organic molecules. However, when we grow crops and they are harvested, we take the nutrients out of the soil and disturb this cycle. Therefore addition of these nutrients through fertilisers ensures there are enough nutrients in the soil and promotes growth rates and total yields of crops. We will write a custom essay sample on Organic and inorganic fertilisers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organic and inorganic fertilisers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organic and inorganic fertilisers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer (8) The increased productivity due to fertilisers has also allowed poorer areas of land to be used for agriculture. (10) There are a number of differences between organic and inorganic fertilisers and why one could be chosen over another. One advantage with organic fertilisers is that the nutrients are released at a slow steady rate, which suits plant growth. As the nutrients come from natural sources, a portion of them may be temporarily unavailable to plants until released by a combination of warmth and moisture; the same conditions plants need to grow. Released slowly, the nutrients from organic fertilizers are unlikely to burn plant roots or be leached away by water and a single application may last a whole growing season. However, this would mean that they are ineffective in a single season. (3) As organic fertilisers are lower in strength they are unlikely to scorch a root and kill the plant. They also encourage beneficial soil bacteria whereas chemical fertilisers have shown to kill them. (4) Organic fertilizers also place fewer demands on energy resources, and they offer opportunities to recycle garbage. (3) There are many other advantages of organic fertilisers too such as how they contain more nutrients including trace elements and how they improve the crumb structure of the soil. (9) But synthetic fertilisers do have some of their own advantages too. They are easier to obtain, handle, transport and apply and they are quicker acting and cheaper. (9) However, when using a fertiliser, great care must be taken especially when deciding the amount to use. Not only does their use have consequences but also the law of diminishing returns is present. Eutrophication is the direst consequence. A process called leaching can wash fertilisers out of the soil into nearby rivers or lakes. Here in the waterways a nutrient build-up takes place causing rapid plant growth. As a result, algal blooming occurs which blocks out the light and out competes the other plants for mineral ions and carbon dioxide. As all this algae dies, the resulting bacterial activity takes up all the oxygen in the water and biological oxygen demand takes place. This lack of oxygen causes the death of fishes and other animals in the water. (7) Therefore this chain of events caused by leaching can have very serious consequences. There is also an argument that suggests that highly soluble fertilisers lower pH making soils more acidic, which in turn leads to soil deterioration. However, right now this is mere speculation and the argument continues. (5) Other consequences with the use of fertilisers include how they may contain metal residues or plant and animal pathogens, which may enter a food chain causing disease. (7) When deciding the quantity of fertiliser to use, as well as worrying about the consequences on the surroundings, we must also look at how it will affect the plant itself. A law of diminishing marginal returns exists so that as more and more fertiliser is added, the extra increase in yield gets smaller. This is because now there are other limiting factors such as temperature or light intensity. Fertiliser should only be added when nutrients are a limiting factor as these are what they are aiming to replace. (7) (8) Therefore the use of fertilisers can be very useful indeed in increasing crop yield, especially in poorer areas of land. However, all fertilisers must be used with care and caution. Not only must the correct fertiliser be chosen (organic or inorganic) which is more suitable for the circumstances but also the quantity used is very important. Incorrect quantities can lead to the waste of fertilisers but also, more importantly, can have serious detrimental effects on the surrounding environment. However, reduction in diffuse pollution from agriculture can only be achieved by appropriate land management techniques and farmers need quality advice to enable this. Therefore, legislation has been passed by the Environment Agency and the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) exists which produces guidelines for fertiliser use and draws up action plans for farmers in areas that are likely to exceed levels set by the European Union. (1) Other organisations also help such as the Fertiliser Manufacturers Association (FMA) which represents the views and interests of the fertiliser industry to governments and to appropriate organisations and bodies, and promotes the proper and responsible use of fertilisers. (2) Words (excluding title and source references) = 982 words Bibliography: (1) =www. environmentagency. gov. uk/yourenv/eff/water/210440/? lang=_eregion (2) = www. fma. org. uk (3) = www. geocities. com/frugalfolks/organic_fertilisers. htm (4) = www. actionvideo. freeserve. co. uk/organic. htm (5) = www. lifestyleblock. co. nz/articles/200_organic_fertilisers. htm (6) = The complete A-Z Biology Handbook by B. Indge 1997 (7) = AS Biology by Mike Boyle 2000 (8) = A new introduction to Biology by B. Indge, M. Rowland and M. Baker 2000 (9) = Biology for Advanced Level G. S. Toole 1999 (10) = Advanced Biology C. J. Clegg and D. G. Mackean 1994.

Max Born and the Discovery of the Born Rule

Max Born and the Discovery of the Born Rule Max Born (December 11, 1882–January 5, 1970) was a German physicist who played an important role in the development of quantum mechanics. He is known for the â€Å"Born rule,† which provided a statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics and enabled researchers in the field to predict results with specific probabilities. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his fundamental contributions to quantum mechanics. Fast Facts: Max Born Occupation: PhysicistKnown For: Discovery of the Born rule, a statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics.Born: December 11, 1882 in Breslau, PolandDied: January 5, 1970 in Gà ¶ttingen, GermanySpouse: Hedwig EhrenbergChildren: Irene, Margarethe, GustavFun Fact: The singer and actress Olivia Newton-John, who starred in the 1978 musical film Grease with John Travolta, is the granddaughter of Max Born. Early Life Max Born was born on December 11, 1882 in Breslau (now Wroclaw) Poland. His parents were Gustav Born, an embryologist at the University of Breslau, and Margarete (Gretchen) Kaufmann, whose family worked in textiles. Born had a younger sister named Kthe. At a young age, Born attended school at the Kà ¶nig Wilhelms Gymnasium in Breslau, studying Latin, Greek, German, history, languages, math, and physics. There, Born may have been inspired by his math teacher, Dr. Maschke, who showed the students how wireless telegraphy worked. Born’s parents died at an early age: his mother when Born was 4, and his father shortly before Born finished school at the Gymnasium. College and Early Career Afterwards, Born took courses on a variety of science, philosophy, logic, and math subjects at Breslau University from 1901–1902, following his father’s advice to not specialize in a subject too soon at college. He also attended the Universities of Heidelberg, Zà ¼rich, and Gà ¶ttingen. Peers at Breslau University had told Born about three mathematics professors at Gà ¶ttingen – Felix Klein, David Hilbert, and Hermann Minkowski. Born went out of favor with Klein due to his irregular attendance at classes, though he subsequently impressed Klein by solving a problem on elastic stability at a seminar without reading the literature. Klein then invited Born to enter a university prize competition with the same problem in mind. Born, however, did not initially take part, offending Klein again. Born changed his mind and later entered, winning the University of Breslau’s Philosophy Faculty Prize for his work on elasticity and obtaining a PhD in mathematics on the subject in 1906 under his doctoral advisor Carl Runge. Born subsequently went to Cambridge University for about six months, attending lectures by J. J. Thomson and Joseph Larmor. He went back to Gà ¶ttingen to collaborate with the mathematician Hermann Minkowski, who died after a few weeks due to an operation for appendicitis. In 1915, Born was offered a professor position at the University of Berlin. However, the opportunity coincided with the beginning of World War I. Born joined the German air force and worked on sound ranging. In 1919, after World War I, Born became a professor at the University of Frankfurt-am-Main. Discoveries in Quantum Mechanics In 1921, Born returned to the University of Gà ¶ttingen as a professor, a post he held for 12 years. At Gà ¶ttingen, Born worked on the thermodynamics of crystals, then became primarily interested in quantum mechanics. He collaborated with Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, and a number of other physicists who would also make groundbreaking advances in quantum mechanics. These contributions would help lay out the foundation of quantum mechanics, particularly its mathematical treatment. Born saw that some of Heisenberg’s calculus was equivalent to matrix algebra, a formalism that is used extensively in quantum mechanics today. Furthermore, Born considered the interpretation of Schrà ¶dinger’s wavefunction, an important equation for quantum mechanics, which had been discovered in 1926. Though Schrà ¶dinger had provided a way to describe how the wavefunction describing a system changed over time, it was unclear exactly what the wavefunction corresponded to. Born concluded that the square of the wavefunction could be interpreted as a probability distribution that would predict the result given by a quantum mechanical system when it was measured. Though Born first applied this discovery, now known as the Born rule, to help explain how waves scattered, it was later applied to many other phenomena. Born was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on quantum mechanics, with particular emphasis on the Born rule. In 1933, Born was forced to emigrate due to the rise of the Nazi party, which caused his professorship to be suspended. He became a lecturer at Cambridge University, where he worked with Infeld on electrodynamics. From 1935–1936, he stayed in Bangalore, India at the Indian Institute of Science and worked with Sir C.V. Raman, a researcher who won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1936, Born became a professor of natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, staying there for 17 years until his retirement in 1953. Awards and Honors Born won a number of awards during his lifetime, including: 1939 – Fellowship of the Royal Society1945 – Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prize, from the Royal Society of Edinburgh1948 – Max Planck Medal, from the German Physical Society1950 – Hughes Medal, from the Royal Society of London1954 – Nobel Prize in Physics1959 – Grand Cross of Merit with Star of the Order of Merit, from the German Federal Republic Born was also made an honorary member of several academies, including the Russian, Indian, and Royal Irish academies. After Born’s death, the German Physical Society and the British Institute of Physics created the Max Born Prize, which is awarded annually. Death and Legacy After retiring, Born settled in Bad Pyrmont, a spa resort near Gà ¶ttingen. He died on January 5, 1970 at a hospital in Gà ¶ttingen. He was 87 years old. Born’s statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics was groundbreaking. Thanks to Born’s discovery, researchers can predict the result of a measurement performed on a quantum mechanical system. Today, the Born rule is considered one of the key principles of quantum mechanics. Sources Kemmer, N., and Schlapp, R. â€Å"Max Born, 1882-1970.†Landsman, N.P. â€Å"The Born Rule and Its Interpretation.†O’Connor, J.J., and Robertson, E.F. â€Å"Max Born.†

US Presidential Assassinations and Assassination Attempts

US Presidential Assassinations and Assassination Attempts In the history of the U.S. presidency, four presidents have actually been assassinated. Another six were the subject of assassination attempts. Following is a description of each assassination and attempt that has occurred since the founding of the nation. Assassinated in Office Abraham Lincoln - Lincoln was shot in the head while watching a play on April 14, 1865. His assassin, John Wilkes Booth escaped and was later shot and killed.  Conspirators who helped plan Lincolns assassination were found guilty and hung. Lincoln died on April 15, 1865. James Garfield - Charles J. Guiteau, a mentally disturbed government office seeker, shot Garfield on July 2, 1881. The president did not die until September 19th of blood poisoning. This was related more to the manner in which the physicians attended to the president than to the wounds themselves. Guiteau was convicted of murder and hanged on June 30, 1882. William McKinley - McKinley was shot two times by anarchist Leon Czolgosz while the president was visiting the Pan-American Exhibit in Buffalo, New York on September 6, 1901. He died on September 14, 1901. Czolgosz stated that he shot McKinley because he was an enemy of working people. He was convicted of the murder and electrocuted on October 29, 1901. John F. Kennedy - On November 22, 1963, John F. Kennedy was mortally wounded while riding in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas. His apparent assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, was killed by Jack Ruby before standing trial. The Warren Commission was called to investigate Kennedys death and found that Oswald had acted alone to kill Kennedy. Many argued, however, that there was more than one gunman, a theory upheld by a 1979 House Committee investigation. The FBI and a 1982 study disagreed. Speculation continues to this day. Assassination Attempts Andrew Jackson - On January 30, 1835, Andrew Jackson was attending a funeral for Congressman Warren Davis. Richard Lawrence attempted to shoot him with two different derringers, each of which misfired. Jackson was incensed and attacked Lawrence with his walking stick. Lawrence was tried for the attempted assassination but was found not guilty by reason of insanity. He spent the rest of his life in an insane asylum. Theodore Roosevelt - An assassination attempt was actually not made on Roosevelts life while he was in the office of president. Instead, it occurred after he had left office and decided to run for another term against William Howard Taft. While campaigning on October 14, 1912, he was shot in the chest by John Schrank, a mentally disturbed New York saloon keeper. Luckily, Roosevelt had a speech and his spectacle case in his pocket that slowed down the .38 caliber bullet. The bullet was never removed but allowed to heal over. Roosevelt continued with his speech before seeing a doctor. Franklin Roosevelt - After giving a speech in Miami on February 15, 1933, Giuseppe Zangara shot six shots into the crowd. None hit Roosevelt though the Mayor of Chicago, Anton Cermak, was shot in the stomach. Zangara blamed wealthy capitalists for his plights and those of other working people. He was convicted of attempted murder and then after Cermaks death due to the shooting he was retried for murder. He was executed by electric chair in March, 1933. Harry Truman - On November 1, 1950, two Puerto Rican nationals attempted to kill President Truman to bring attention to the case for Puerto Rican independence. The President and his family were staying at the Blair House across from the White House and the two attempted assassins, Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola, tried to shoot their way into the house. Torresola killed one and wounded another policeman while Collazo wounded one policeman. Torresola died in the gunfight. Collazo was arrested and sentenced to death which Truman commuted to life in prison. President Jimmy  Carter freed Collazo from prison in 1979. Gerald Ford - Ford escaped two assassination attempts, both by women. First on September 5, 1975, Lynette Fromme, a follower of Charles Manson, pointed a gun at him but did not fire. She was convicted of attempting to assassinate the president and sentenced to life in prison. The second attempt on Fords life occurred on September 22, 1975 when Sara Jane Moore fired one shot that was deflected by a bystander. Moore was trying to prove herself to some radical friends with the assassination of the president. She was convicted of attempted assassination and sentenced to life in prison. Ronald Reagan - On March 30, 1981, Reagan was shot in the lung by John Hinckley, Jr. Hinckley hoped that by assassinating the president, he would earn enough notoriety to impress Jodie Foster. He also shot Press Secretary James Brady along with an officer and a security agent. He was arrested but found not guilty by reason of insanity. He was sentenced to life in a mental institution.

Critically Debate The Arguments For And Against Global Mega-Mergers Essay

Critically Debate The Arguments For And Against Global Mega-Mergers - Essay Example With the growth in the competition and with the rising trend of globalisation, it has been found that most of the companies are merging together in order to avail several advantages. These mergers are the result of the strategy to become world market leader in certain sector or at least to reach a critical mass. There is significant growth in the international mergers and acquisitions that are taking place across the boundaries of any particular country (Einy & et. al., 1995). Arguments For and Against Global Mega-Mergers The international mergers and acquisitions are conducted for the purpose of gaining strategic benefits in the market of a particular country. Salent & et. al. (1983) stated the fact that when an industry is oligopolistic with identical goods and cournot competition along with constant marginal cost and linear demand then in such circumstances a merger tends not to be gainful unless and until it encompasses more than 80 percent of the firm (Salant & et. al., 1983). M ergers in case of Cournot oligopoly is recognised to be quite lucrative if both the merging companies possess asymmetric information regarding market demand (Das & Sengupta, 2001). It has been argued that the cross border M&A is the key to flow of foreign direct investment. Greater share of the total merger tasks tend to be performed largely across international borders (Clarke, 1983). International mergers & acquisitions are a trend nowadays. Most of the top managements of the companies argue the fact that international mergers lead to benefits of scale, high shareholders’ value, access to new markets as well as low overheads. However, it can also be argued that mergers lead to cultural differences, in terms of organisation culture along with national culture as well which is considered to be the biggest challenge in such integration. It has been noted that successful integration of an international merger is quite a long method which is assisted by a sense of equality and c ommon management goals, programs and tasks (Olie, 2002). The new form created because of the merger activity is anticipated to possess increased market share that may facilitate to minimise competition. Although the minimisation in the completion is harmful for the public interest, it can assist the firm in earning more profits (Otchere & Mustopo, 2006). Mergers can assist the firms in dealing with the threats of multinationals and struggle on an international scale. It has also been argued that mergers might permit high investment in Research & Development (R&D) since the new firm is expected to garner significant profits. This will result in better quality of goods for the consumers. Mergers have been found to be quite advantageous in a deteriorating industry where the firms are facing problems to stay buoyant. It has been argued that in case of conglomerate mergers, two firms belonging to distinct industry merge together. Therefore, one of the benefits received in such mergers is sharing of knowledge that is generally applicable to distinct industry (Gal-Or, 1988). The arguments against global mega-mergers is that when